Absorbent article demonstrating controlled deformation and longitudinal fluid distribution

ABSTRACT

The present invention generally relates to absorbent articles and in particular to a absorbent articles demonstrating controlled deformation and enhanced fluid wicking in the longitudinal direction of the absorbent articles

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

The present application claims the benefit of the earlier filing date ofU.S. provisional patent application 62/057,690, filed Sep. 30, 2014, theentirety of which application is hereby incorporated by reference hereinas if fully set forth herein.

FIELD OF INVENTION

The present invention generally relates to absorbent articles and inparticular to absorbent articles demonstrating controlled deformationand enhanced fluid wicking or distribution in the longitudinal directionof the absorbent articles.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

In order for absorbent articles, such as sanitary napkins, toefficiently absorb a large amount of fluid during use it shouldeffectively wick fluid throughout the absorbent structure of theabsorbent article. Absent effective wicking properties, fluid such asmenstrual fluid tends to pool in certain regions of the absorbentarticle. As a result, the full absorbent capacity of the absorbentarticle is not effectively utilized.

In addition to having effective wicking capabilities, such absorbentarticles should also quickly or rapidly absorb fluid.

Under such circumstances (namely an article exhibiting effective wickingand rapid fluid absorption properties), the closer such an absorbentarticle is to the body, the faster it will absorb fluid exiting thebody.

Accordingly, the inventors of the present invention have recognized aneed for ide absorbent articles that comfortably and efficiently wickfluid in the longitudinal direction of the absorbent article while atthe same time deforms into a hump for closer positioning to a user'sbody (i.e., the crotch or vaginal area).

Therefore, an aspect of the present invention is to provide an absorbentarticle which provides improved fluid wicking and at the same time, oncedeformed, exhibits a controlled deformation such that the absorbentarticle results in a hump deformation at a frequency of at least 75% ofsuch deformations.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In certain embodiments, the present invention relates to an absorbentarticle having a transversely extending centerline and a longitudinallyextending centerline and a body facing surface, the body facing surfacecomprising:

a central region having i) a first transverse side parallel to thetransversely extending centerline and a second transverse side parallelto the transversely extending centerline and opposite the firsttransverse side in the direction of the longitudinally extendingcenterline; and ii) a first longitudinal side parallel to thelongitudinally extending centerline and a second longitudinal sideparallel to the longitudinally extending centerline and opposite thefirst longitudinal side in the direction of the transversely extendingcenterline, the central region comprising an embossing patterncomprising at least two longitudinally extending channels havingrespective ends thereof and interconnecting with each other, other thanat their respective ends (or, optionally, at one or more points betweentheir respective ends, or, optionally, at one or more points between thefirst and second transverse sides), to define at least one substantiallyembossed region;

a first longitudinal end region extending from the first transverse sideof the central region directionally along the longitudinally extendingcenterline away from the central region, the first longitudinal endregion comprising a first plurality of channels wherein at least one ofthe channels of the first plurality of channels extends directionallyalong a longitudinally extending centerline from the first transverseside across from about 50% to about 90% of the first longitudinal endregion;

a second longitudinal end region extending from the second transverseside of the central region directionally along the longitudinallyextending centerline and away from the of the central region, the secondlongitudinal end region comprising a second plurality of channelswherein at least one of the channels of the second plurality of channlesextends directionally along a longitudinally extending centerline fromthe second transverse side across from about 50% to about 90% of thesecond longitudinal end region, the embossing pattern of the centralregion located longitudinally between and interconnected with the firstand second plurality of channels at the respective ends of the at leasttwo longitudinally extending channels of the embossing pattern of thecentral region;

a central longitudinal zone extending longitudinally across the firstand second transverse end regions and the central region, the centrallongitudinal zone extending symmetrical about and directionally alongthe longitudinally extending centerline and comprising opposinglongitudinally extending central longitudinal zone edges parallel to thelongitudinally extending centerline defining a central longitudinal zonewidth W of from about 5 mm to about 20 mm, wherein the embossing patternof the central region is located within the central longitudinal zoneand does not extend beyond the central longitudinal zone width W;

a first transverse end region extending from the first longitudinal sideof the central region directionally along the transversely extendingcenterline and away from the central region, the first transverse endregion comprising a least one first longitudinally extending outerchannel spaced from about 5 mm to about 26 mm from the nearest centrallongitudinal zone edge; and

a second transverse end region extending from the second longitudinalside of the central region directionally along the transverselyextending centerline and away from the of the central region, the secondtransverse end region comprising a least one second longitudinallyextending outer channel spaced from about 5 mm to about 26 mm from thenearest central longitudinal zone edge

wherein the embossing pattern of the central region interconnects influid communication with the embossing patterns of the first and secondlongitudinal end regions.

In certain embodiments, the present invention relates to an absorbentarticle comprising:

-   -   a longitudinally extending centerline;    -   a transversely extending centerline;    -   a first longitudinal end region;    -   a second longitudinal end region;    -   a central region arranged between the first and second        longitudinal end regions;    -   a body facing surface comprising:        -   a central longitudinal zone which extends from one end of            the article to the other end of the article directionally            along and symmetrically about the longitudinally extending            centerline, the central longitudinal zone comprising            opposing longitudinally extending zone edges defining a            central longitudinal zone width W of from about 5 mm to            about 20 mm and wherein the central longitudinal zone width            W is symmetrical about the longitudinally extending            centerline;        -   first and second end embossing patterns, each of the first            and second end embossing patterns located in each of the            first and second longitudinal end regions, respectively, the            first and second end embossing patterns comprising,            respectively and independently, a first and second plurality            of branched channels wherein at least one of each of the            first and second plurality of branched channels extends            longitudinally within and not extending beyond the central            longitudinal zone across from about 50% to about 90% of the            first and second end regions, respectively;        -   a central embossing pattern within the central longitudinal            zone and not extending beyond to the central longitudinal            zone width W, the central embossing pattern located in the            central region and comprising at least two longitudinally            extending channels having respective ends thereof extending            in the direction of the longitudinally extending centerline            to interconnect, at their respective ends, with the first            and second plurality of branched channels, the            longitudinally extending channels further interconnecting            with each other, other than at their ends, to define at            least one substantially embossed region; and        -   an outer embossing pattern comprising at least two            longitudinally extending outer channels, the longitudinally            extending outer channels positioned opposite one another and            at least partially separated by the central longitudinal            zone, wherein each longitudinally extending outer channel is            spaced from about 5 mm to about 26 mm from the nearest zone            central longitudinal zone edge;        -   wherein the central embossing pattern interconnects in fluid            communication with the first and second end embossing            patterns of the first and second longitudinal end regions to            facilitate fluid flow longitudinally across the article; and            wherein the central embossing pattern, the first and second            end embossing patterns and outer embossing pattern cooperate            to facilitate deformation of the article into a hump            deformation upon application of the article to a user's            crotch region where the body facing surface is aligned to            contact a user's body.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Examples of embodiments of the present invention will now be describedwith reference to the drawings, in which:

FIG. 1 is a top view of an embodiment of the embossing patterns of thearticles of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a top view of an embodiment of the embossing patterns of thearticles of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a top view of an embodiment of the embossing patterns of thearticles of the present invention.

FIGS. 4a to 4e are top views of various embodiments of the embossingpatterns of the central and longitudinal end regions of the articles ofthe present invention.

FIG. 5 is a top view of an embodiment of the embossing patterns of thearticles of the present invention, illustrating embossed region 42.

FIG. 6 is a perspective view of the deformation and fluid distributiontesting device 150 and panty 300 for placement onto device 150 prior totesting.

FIG. 7 is a perspective view of the deformation and fluid distributiontesting device, showing placement of the panty 300 and positioning ofarticle 20 for placement in preparation for testing.

FIG. 8 is a perspective view of the deformation and fluid distributiontesting device 150 in operation.

FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of the deformation and fluiddistribution testing device 150 in operation taken along line 9-9 inFIG. 8, showing hump deformation as movement away from x, y plane ofFIG. 8 upward in the direction of the z axis.

FIG. 10 is a cross sectional view of an absorbent article forming a typeof a hump deformation along the longitudinal centerline.

FIG. 11 is a cross sectional view of an absorbent article forming a typeof a hump deformation along the longitudinal centerline.

FIG. 12 is a cross sectional view of an absorbent article forming a typeof a hump deformation along the longitudinal centerline.

FIG. 13 is a cross sectional view of an absorbent article forming a typeof a hump deformation along the longitudinal centerline.

FIG. 14 is a cross sectional view of an absorbent article forming a typeof a hump deformation along the longitudinal centerline.

FIG. 15 is a cross sectional view of an absorbent article forming a typeof a cup deformation along the longitudinal centerline.

FIG. 16 is a cross sectional view of an absorbent article forming a typeof a cup deformation along the longitudinal centerline.

FIG. 17 is a cross sectional view of an absorbent article forming a typeof a cup deformation along the longitudinal centerline.

FIG. 18 is a cross sectional view of an absorbent article forming a typeof a cup deformation along the longitudinal centerline.

FIG. 19 is a cross sectional view of an absorbent article forming a typeof a cup deformation along the longitudinal centerline.

FIG. 20 is a cross sectional view of an absorbent article forming a humpdeformation for positioning the absorbent article closer to a userduring use.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The articles of the present invention can comprise, consist of, orconsist essentially of the essential elements and limitations of theinvention described herein, as well any of the additional or optionalfeatures, components, or limitations described herein.

The term “comprising” (and its grammatical variations) as used herein isused in the inclusive sense of (and, interchangeably with the terms)“having” or “including” and not in the exclusive sense of “consistingonly of.” The terms “a” and “the” as used herein are understood toencompass the plural as well as the singular.

All documents incorporated herein by reference are only incorporatedherein to the extent that they are not inconsistent with thisspecification.

All percentages, parts and ratios are based upon the total weight of thearticle of the present invention, unless otherwise specified.

In certain embodiments, the present invention as disclosed herein may bepracticed in the absence of any compound, component or element (or groupof compounds, components or elements) which is not specificallydisclosed herein.

As used herein the term “controlled deformation” means deformation of anabsorbent article which is controlled by the structure of the absorbentarticle, including any embossing features and/or patterns, in such a waythat upon application of deformation forces (e.g., as generated when anabsorbent article [e.g., sanitary napkin] is applied to and against thecrotch of a user), the absorbent article predictably deforms into a humpso as to generally remain in contact with the crotch or vaginal area ofthe user.

As used herein, the term “hump” represents a configuration, upon visualinspection, of the absorbent article where, upon compression using thedevice 150 used in performing the Deformation/Distribution Testdescribed below, the central longitudinal zone 8 (as defined belowherein) has risen vertically (in the positive direction of vertical axisz) along the longitudinally extending centerline 1 relative to (i.e., soas to be above) the portions (301 a, 302 a) of longitudinally extendingregions (301, 302) that are nearest to the central longitudinal zone 8(as illustrated in FIGS. 10-14), where longitudinally extending region301 extends transversely away from longitudinally extending zone edge 8a across the length of the article and longitudinally extending region302 extends transversely away from longitudinally extending zone edge 8b, across the length of the article in a direction opposite thedirection of longitudinally extending region 301.

As used herein, the term “cup” represents a configuration, upon visualinspection, of the absorbent article where, upon compression using thedevice 150 used in performing the Deformation/Distribution Testdescribed below, the central longitudinal zone 8 (as defined belowherein) has descended vertically (in the negative direction of verticalaxis z) along the longitudinally extending centerline 1 relative to(i.e., so as to be below) the portions (301 a, 302 a) of longitudinallyextending regions (301, 302) that are nearest to the centrallongitudinal zone 8 (as illustrated in FIGS. 15-19).

As used herein, the term “bunch” represents a configuration, upon visualinspection, of the absorbent article where, upon compression using thedevice 150 used in performing the Deformation/Distribution Testdescribed below, neither a hump nor cup is formed.

As used herein, the term “visual inspection” or “visually inspected”means that a human viewer can visually discern the presence of thesubject matter under such inspection with the unaided eye (exceptingstandard corrective lenses adapted to compensate for near-sightedness,farsightedness, or stigmatism, or other corrected vision) in lighting atleast equal to the illumination of a standard 75 watt incandescent whitelight bulb at a distance of about 0.25 meter.

The Absorbent Article

One embodiment of an absorbent article according to the presentinvention is illustrated in FIG. 1. In certain embodiments, theabsorbent article, as illustrated by article 20, has a length (measuredas the longest length from the first transverse edge 15 to the secondtransverse edge 16) of from about 170 mm to about 400 mm and a width(measured as the longest length from the first longitudinal edge 13 tothe second longitudinal edge 14) of from about 40 mm to about 80 mm. Theouter most region 17 of the absorbent article 20 represents the area inwhich the cover and barrier layers extend beyond the border edges of theabsorbent core and, hence, does not include absorbent core; the region17 is not measured as part of (or otherwise taken into considerationwhen measuring) the length, width and/or surface area of the absorbentarticles of the present invention.

As illustrated in FIG. 1, the absorbent article includes alongitudinally extending centerline 1, a transversely extendingcenterline 2, a first longitudinal edge 13, a second longitudinal edge14, a first transverse edge 15, a second transverse edge 16, a firstlongitudinal end region 9, a second longitudinal end region 10, acentral region 3 located between the first longitudinal end and secondlongitudinal end regions, 9 and 10 (the central region 3 contacting thefirst and second longitudinal end regions 9 and 10 at first and secondtransverse sides 4 and 5 of the central region 3, respectively) and acentral longitudinal zone 8 which extends longitudinally from one end ofthe article, namely the first transverse edge 15, to the other end ofthe article, namely the second transverse edge 16 and has opposinglongitudinally extending zone edges 8 a, 8 b defining a centrallongitudinal zone width W of from 5 (or about 5) mm to 20 (or about 20)mm, optionally from 10 (or about 10) mm to 18 (or about 18) mm andwherein the central longitudinal zone width W is symmetrical about thelongitudinally extending centerline 1. Central longitudinal zone width Wis the total of widths b′ and b″, where b′ and b″ extend oppositely andequidistant from the longitudinal centerline 1.

In some embodiments of the present invention (such as in FIG. 1), thetransverse centerline 2 may be equidistant between the first transverseedge 15 and the second transverse edge 16. In other embodiments, theabsorbent article may be asymmetric from front to back so that the endintended to be placed to the rear of the vaginal opening (i.e, nearerthe backside of the user) may be longer than the end intended to beplaced forward of the vaginal opening (i.e., nearer the front of theuser). Examples of this type of product are Sempre Livre Noturno ToqueSuave com Abas available from Johnson and Johnson Brasil and Alwaysultrathin overnight from Proctor and Gamble USA. In these products, thetransverse centerline will intersect the center of the wings 200 or anarea meant to be positioned directly over the vaginal opening.

In certain embodiments, the length of the first and second longitudinalend regions 9, 10 (as measured from the outer most longitudinallyextending edge of first transverse edge 15 or second transverse edge 16,respectively) ranges from about 30 mm to about 70 mm (or about ⅓ thelongest length between the first transverse edge 15 and secondtransverse edge 16). In certain embodiments, the width of the first andsecond longitudinal end regions 9, 10 (measured as the longest lengthfrom the first longitudinal edge 13 to the second longitudinal edge 14within the respective lengths of first or second longitudinal regions 9,10) ranges from about 30 mm to about 70 mm. In certain embodiments, thelength of the central region (measured as the length between the firstand second longitudinal end regions 9, 10) ranges from about 55 mm toabout 200 mm (about ⅓ to about ½ the longest length between the firsttransverse edge 15 and second transverse edge 16). In certainembodiments, the width of the central region 3 is the total of widths a′and a″ extending, oppositely from the longitudinal centerline 1, wherewidths a′ and a″ range, independently, from about 15 mm to about 35 mm.The width a′ terminates at a first longitudinal side 6 of the centralregion 3 and width a″ terminates at a second longitudinal side 7 of thecentral region 3 of the central region 3 as illustrated at FIG. 1.

The First and Second End Embossing Patterns

The absorbent article includes first and second end embossing patternslocated opposite one another in the first and second longitudinal endregions, respectively, as illustrated in FIG. 2 in one embodiment byfirst and second end embossing patterns 21, 22 in the first and secondlongitudinal end regions 9, 10, respectively. Each of the first andsecond end embossing patterns 21, 22 of the first and secondlongitudinal end regions 9, 10, respectively, comprise, independently, afirst and second plurality of channels 21 a and 22 a, respectively. Incertain embodiments, the first and second plurality of channels 21 a and22 a can be either branched as in FIGS. 1 and 4 b (and portions of FIGS.4a and 4d ) or unbranched as in FIG. 4c (or portions of FIGS. 4a, and 4d). As the first end embossing pattern 21 is located within the firstlongitudinal end region 9 and second end embossing pattern 22 located inthe second longitudinal end region 10, the first plurality of channels21 a of the first end embossing pattern 21 are spaced from the secondplurality of channels 22 a of the second end embossing pattern 22 in thelongitudinal direction of longitudinally extending centerline 1. Thefirst and second plurality of channels 21 a, 22 a can be similar indesign or pattern or, optionally, different in design or pattern. Incertain embodiments, the channels forming each of the first and secondplurality of channels 21 a, 22 a are interconnected with each othereither directly or through other channels including the channels of thecentral embossing pattern described herein in further detail below. Theinterconnection of channels is meant to promote distribution of absorbedfluid throughout the product.

The first and second plurality of channels 21 a and 22 a, each, compriseat least one longitudinally extending channel 21 a′ (firstlongitudinally extending channels) and 22 a′ (second longitudinallyextending channels) in the first and second longitudinal end regions 9,10, respectively, each longitudinally extending channel 21 a′ and 22 a′of the first and second plurality of channels 21 a and 22 a extending,independently, directionally along or about (or, optionally overlappingor substantially overlapping) the longitudinally extending centerline 1across from about 50% to about 90%, optionally from about 65% to about90%, or optionally from about 70% to about 90% of the first and/orsecond longitudinal end regions 9, 10, respectively.

In certain embodiments, the channels of the first and second pluralityof channels 21 a and 22 a, including the longitudinally extendingchannels 21 a′ and/or 22 a′ of the first and second longitudinal endregions 9, 10, optionally, comprise at least one (optionally, at least2, optionally, at least 3, optionally, at least 4) branch(es) 21 a″(first branch[es]) and/or 22 a″ (second branch[es]), respectively. Incertain embodiments, the longitudinally extending channels 21 a′ and/or22 a′ of the first and second longitudinal end regions 9, 10, each,comprise at least one (optionally, at least 2, optionally, at least 3,optionally, at least 4) branch(es) 21 a″ (first branch[es]) and/or 22 a″(second branch[es]), respectively, extending, independently, from thelongitudinally extending channels 21 a′ and/or 22 a′. In certainembodiments, one or more of the first and/or second branch(es) 21 a″, 22a″extend from the longitudinally extending channels 21 a′ and/or 22 a′such that another of the first and/or second branch(es) 21 a″, 22 a″similarly extend oppositely from and symmetrically or substantiallysymmetrically (i.e., staggered or off set) with such first mentionedbranch(es) with respect to the other side of longitudinally extendingchannels 21 a′ and/or 22 a′, respectively. In certain embodiments, thefirst and second plurality of channels 21 a and 22 a, respectively,comprise, independently, at least 2 (optionally, at least 3, optionally,at least 4) channels 21 a and 22 a, respectively.

The Central Embossing Pattern

The absorbent article of the present invention further includes acentral embossing pattern as illustrated in one embodiment by thecentral embossing pattern 23. In certain embodiments, the centralembossing pattern 23 of the central region 3 is located longitudinallybetween and interconnecting with the first and second plurality ofchannels 21 a and 22 a in the first and second longitudinal end regions9, 10. The central embossing pattern 23 is located in the central region3 of the absorbent article 20 wherein the central embossing pattern 23is further located within the central longitudinal zone 8 and does notextend beyond the central longitudinal zone width W. In certainembodiments, the central embossing pattern 23 is an embossing pattern ordesign extending from the first transverse side 4 of the central region3 to the second transverse side 5 of the central region 3 and about(optionally, symmetrically about) and directionally substantially alongthe longitudinally extending centerline 1. In certain other embodiments,the central embossing pattern comprises at least two (optionally from 2to 12 optionally from 2 to 8) longitudinally extending channels, eachhaving respective ends thereof, as illustrated by longitudinallyextending channels 25, 26. In certain embodiments, the longitudinallyextending channels 25, 26 are not connected, except at their respectiveends. In certain embodiments, the longitudinally extending channels 25,26 are interconnected at points other than at their respective ends. Incertain other embodiments, the longitudinally extending channels 25, 26are interconnected in the direction of (and, optionally, along orsubstantially along) the longitudinally extending centerline at nodes 27₁ through 27 _(n), where n is 1 (optionally 2 or greater, optionallyfrom 2 to 100, optionally from 3 to 20) as illustrated in FIGS. 2 and 4b so as to form repeating, consistently or variably (including ascendingand/or descending) sized, interconnected and longitudinally runningshapes including, but not limited to, spherical shapes such as circlesor ovals as shown in FIGS. 2 and 4 c, box-shaped (i.e., resembling a boxin rectangularity) shapes as shown in FIGS. 4b and 4d or irregularshapes such as shown in FIG. 4a . An example of ascending sized shapescan be seen in FIG. 4e . In certain embodiments, the longitudinallyextending channels 25, 26 define at least one (optionally, at least two,optionally at least three, optionally 2 to 30, optionally 3 to 6)substantially non-embossed (or non-compressed) area(s) 28, thenon-embossed area(s) 28 (see FIG. 3) is located within centrallongitudinal zone 8 and does not extend beyond the central longitudinalzone width W. In certain embodiments, the longitudinally extendingchannels 25 and 26 are arranged symmetrically and equidistant withrespect to the longitudinally extending centerline 1. The term“substantially non-embossed” as used herein with respect to the areadefined by the longitudinally extending channels means greater than fromabout 55% to about 100%, optionally from about 75% to about 100% of thearea is non-embossed (or non-compressed).

In certain embodiments, the longitudinally extending channels compriselongitudinally extending channel segments as illustrated bylongitudinally extending channel segments 25 ₁, 25 ₂ and 25 ₃(optionally up to 25 _(n), where n=30) and corresponding longitudinallyextending channel segments 26 ₁, 26 ₂ and 26 ₃ (optionally up to 26_(n), where n=30) as shown in FIG. 3. In certain embodiments,longitudinally extending channel segments 25 ₁, 25 ₂ and 25 ₃ arepositioned opposite corresponding longitudinally extending channelsegments 26 ₁, 26 ₂ and 26 ₃, respectively. Longitudinally extendingchannel segments 25 ₁, 25 ₂ and 25 ₃ intersect correspondinglongitudinally extending channel segments 26 ₁, 26 ₂ and 26 ₃ at nodes27 ₁ through 27 _(n) (optionally 2 or greater, optionally from 2 to 100,optionally from 3 to 20). In certain embodiments, the longitudinallyextending channel segments 25 ₁, 25 ₂ and 25 ₃ and correspondinglongitudinally extending channel segments 26 ₁, 26 ₂ and 26 ₃ arearranged, respectively, symmetrically and equidistant with respect tothe longitudinally extending centerline 1. In further embodiments,longitudinally extending channel segments 25 ₁, 25 ₂ and 25 ₃ andcorresponding longitudinally extending channel segments 26 ₁, 26 ₂ and26 ₃ are concave with respect to the longitudinal extending center line1. In certain embodiments, each one of the longitudinally extendingchannel segments, 25 ₁, 25 ₂ and 25 ₃ and corresponding longitudinallyextending channel segments 26 ₁, 26 ₂ and 26 ₃ has a length in the rangeof about 3 cm to about 15 cm, optionally from about 4.5 cm to about 10cm, when measured along a path of the longitudinally extending channelsegments between nodes 27. In certain embodiments, each oflongitudinally extending channel segments 25 ₁, 25 ₂ and 25 ₃ and 26 ₁,26 ₂ and 26 ₃ has a width in the range of from about 1 mm to about 20mm, optionally from about 2 mm to about 10 mm. In certain embodiments,each of the longitudinally extending channel segments 25 ₁, 25 ₂ and 25₃ and 26 ₁, 26 ₂ and 26 ₃ has a thickness in the range of from about 1mm to about 10 mm, optionally between about 2 mm and about 5 mm, whenmeasured from a top surface of the absorbent article 20 at thelongitudinally extending channel segment. In certain embodiments, thelength of the central embossing pattern ranges from 55 mm to 200 mm (orfrom about 33% to about 50% of the longest length from the firsttransverse edge 15 to the second transverse edge 16).

In other embodiments, the central embossing pattern 23 can take the formof the central embossing patterns 23 a, 23 b, 23 c, 23 d and 23 e asillustrated, respectively, at FIGS. 4a to 4 e.

In certain embodiments, the central embossing pattern 23 interconnectsin fluid communication with the first and second end embossing patterns21, 22, respectively (e.g., at the first transverse side 4 and thesecond transverse side 5, respectively or, alternatively, at theintersection 29 of first transverse side 4 and the longitudinallyextending centerline 1 and intersection 30 of second transverse side 5and the longitudinally extending centerline 1, respectively). Inspecific embodiments, the respective ends of the longitudinallyextending channels interconnect in fluid communication at the firsttransverse side 4 and the second transverse side 5 (or at intersections29, 30) with at least one (optionally 2 to 10, optionally 3 to 8,optionally 4-6) of the plurality of channels 21 a and/or 22 a,respectively, with at least one (optionally 2 to 10, optionally 3 to 8,optionally 4-6) of the first and second longitudinally extendingchannels 21 a′ and/or 22 a′ (i.e., along the longitudinally extendingcenterline 1), respectively, or (directly or indirectly) with at leastone (optionally 2 to 10, optionally 3 to 8, optionally 4-6) of the firstand second branches 21 a″ and/or 22 a″ of the first and second endembossing patterns 21, 22, respectively. The fluid communicatinginterconnection of channels 25 and 26, at the first transverse sides 4,5 (or at intersections 29, 30), with the first and second end embossingpatterns 21, 22 in both the first and second longitudinal end regions 9,10, respectively, enables the absorbent article 20 to effectively andsimultaneously wick fluid from the central region 3 of the absorbentarticle 20 to both the first and second longitudinal rend regions 9 and10, respectively. In this manner, the full absorbent capacity of theabsorbent article 20 is utilized.

In certain embodiments, the “channels” of the first and second endembossing patterns 21, 22, including the first and second plurality ofchannels 21 a, 22 a, the first and second longitudinally extendingchannels 21 a′, 22 a′ of the first and second plurality of channels 21a, 22 a, and the first and second branches 21 a″, 22 a″ can,independently, be in the form of a straight channels or channels whichare arcuate in shape (or in a combination of such shapes) and have alength in the range of about 2 cm to about 10 cm, optionally from about5.0 cm to about 8.0 cm, when measured from the end of the such “channel”to the nearest of: i) the longitudinally extending channel 21 a′ or 22a′ or ii) the initial node 27 ₁ or ending node 27 _(n), respectively,along the path of such channel. In certain embodiments, such “channels”have a width in the range of from about 1 mm to about 10 mm, optionallyfrom about 2 mm to about 4.0 mm. In certain embodiments, the “channels”have a thickness of about 0.5 mm to about 2.5 mm, optionally about 1 mmto about 2 mm, when measured from a top surface of the absorbent article20 at such channel. In certain embodiments, the first and secondlongitudinal extending channels 21 a′, 22 a′ of the first and second endembossing patterns 21, 22 do not extend outside the central longitudinalzone 8. In certain embodiments, the first and second branches 21 a″, 22a″ extend outside the central longitudinal zone 8.

The “channels” and “branches” of the first and second end embossingpatterns 21, 22 function to transport fluid towards the longitudinal endregions 3, 4 of the absorbent article 20 to thereby utilize the fullabsorbent capacity of the article along its length.

The Outer Embossing Pattern

The absorbent article of the present invention further includes an outerembossing pattern as illustrated in one embodiment by outer embossingpattern 24. In certain embodiments, the outer embossing pattern 24comprises one or more (optionally, two or more) first and one or more(optionally, two or more) second longitudinally extending outer channels24 a, 24 b, respectively, which one or more first and one or more secondlongitudinally extending outer channels 24 a, 24 b are independentlyshaped and oppositely positioned with respect to one another and atleast partially separated by the central longitudinal zone 8. Eachlongitudinally extending outer channel 24 a or 24 b extendslongitudinally at least partially across each of central longitudinalzone edges 8 a and 8 b and is spaced from 5 (or about 5) mm to 26 (orabout 26) mm, optionally 10 (or about 10) mm to 20 (or about 20) mm,from the nearest central longitudinal zone edge 8 a or 8 b. In certainembodiments, the first and second longitudinally extending outerchannels 24 a, 24 b can be the same or different in shape (orconfiguration). In certain embodiments, the one or more firstlongitudinally extending outer channels 24 a are parallel to each otherand, optionally, the one or more second longitudinally extending outerchannels 24 b are parallel to each other.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the longitudinally extendingouter channels 24 a, 24 b are substantially equal in length to thelength of the central region 3 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. Alternatively,the respective ends of each of longitudinally extending outer channels24 a, 24 b are extended so as to unite the respective ends of the otherlongitudinally extending outer channels (in fluid communication) suchthat the outer embossing pattern 24 surrounds or substantially surroundsthe central embossing pattern and the first and second end embossingpatterns as shown in FIGS. 3, 4 a to 4 d and 5. In certain embodiments,the longitudinally extending outer channels 24 a, 24 b are deep stitchedor comprise a “dotted” pattern. In certain embodiments, thelongitudinally extending outer channels 24 a, 24 b have a width of fromabout 1 mm to about 10 mm and a thickness of from about 0.5 mm to about2.5 mm, when measured from a top surface of the absorbent article 20 atlongitudinally extending outer channel 24 a, 24 b.

Without being limited by theory, it is believed that incorporating intothe absorbent article of present invention the central embossingpattern, the first and second end embossing patterns and the outerembossing patterns, these embossing patterns cooperate so as to resultin the absorbent article 20 having improved frequency of humpdeformation. During use, the absorbent article will deform into theshape of a hump at a frequency of from about 75%, optionally about 90%,or optionally about 95%, to about 98%, optionally about 99%, oroptionally about 100%, of such use related deformations (or simulateddeformation, when measured by the Deformation/Distribution Testdescribed below), resulting in the article conforming to and being inclose contact with the user's body FIG. 12. These result in a morecomfortable and efficient product.

In one embodiment of the invention, the central embossing patterncomprises two longitudinally extending channels 25 and 26, eachextending the length of the central embossing pattern so as to onlyinterconnect at the first transverse sides 4, 5 (or at intersections 29,30). In one embodiment of the invention, longitudinally extendingchannels 25 and 26 further interconnect at one or more nodes 27.

In another embodiment of the invention, there are 4 interconnectedlongitudinally extending channel segments, segments 25 ₁ and 25 ₂ andcorresponding segments 26 ₁ and 26 ₂, and the combined length of thechannels extends the length of the central embossing pattern. In oneembodiment of the present invention, channels 25 ₁ and 25 ₂ and 26 ₁ and26 ₂ are connected at nodes 27 _((1-n)).

In another embodiment of the present invention as illustrated at FIG. 5,the second (or central region) embossing pattern 40 having an outerembossed or compressed border 41 defining at least one (optionally, atleast two, optionally at least three, optionally 2 to 30, optionally 3to 6) substantially embossed (or compressed) area 42, the embossingpattern 40, including embossed area 42, located within centrallongitudinal zone and do not extend beyond central longitudinal zonewidth W. In certain embodiments, the area defined by outer embossed (orcompressed) border 41 is similar in size and shape as the pattern of thecentral embossing pattern 23 of FIG. 1. The term “substantiallyembossed” as used herein with respect to the area defined by the outerembossed (or compressed) border 41 means greater than from about 55% toabout 100%, optionally from about 75% to about 100% of the area isembossed.

The absorbent article may include a cover layer, a transfer layer, acore, a barrier layer and combinations thereof. The embossing patternsand channels are formed using conventional embossing techniques. Theembossing roll used during manufacture should have surface features usedto form the first, second and third embossing patterns. The embossingpatterns result in areas of increased density. In one embodiment of theinvention, the central area of the absorbent article includes from about10% to about 50% areas of increased density.

The channels of the absorbent article may be provided with color, tothereby provide a color cue that is visible to a user from a top surfaceof the absorbent article. The color cue may be provided by printingcolored regions to the cover layer. The colored regions optionallycorrespond in size, shape and location to the channels. The coloredregions function to provide the user with a color cue to the presenceand function of the channels. The colored regions could alternatively beprinted on the absorbent layer provided that such colored regions can beviewed through the cover. Any means known to those of skill in the artmay be utilized to provide the colored regions such as printing,utilizing colored fibers, or any other suitable means.

Embossing

Absorbent articles according to the invention have a thickness that mayrange from about 2 mm to about 20 mm in an uncompressed state. Where theabsorbent article is compressed as a result of the embossing patternsdescribed and utilized in the present invention, the thickness of theembossed area (or channels) may be measured with a Mitutoyo 547-516thickness gauge or the like. For absorbent articles having anuncompressed thickness greater than 4 mm, the compressed thickness,unless otherwise specified herein, may range from about 0.5 mm (highlydensified channel) to about 2.5 mm (lightly densified channel). Forabsorbent articles having an uncompressed thickness less than 4 mm, thecompressed thickness may range from about 0.25 mm to about 2.0 mm.

The absorbent article is embossed (or compressed) and the thicknessreduced in at least one layer but, optionally, in or through multiplelayers or, optionally, in or through all the layers of the absorbentarticle. In general, thicker materials will undergo more thicknessreduction. Accordingly, the layers which are actually embossed will,among other things, depend on the manufacturing process (e.g., whichmaterial is joined at the point where the embossing is applied).

The embossing can be achieved with standard techniques such as thermalbond, ultrasonic bond and/or pressure. An example of a suitable processis thermal bonding wherein the layers are passed through two steel rollswhere one is engraved with the visual pattern and the other is flat. Incertain embodiments, one or both of the rolls are warmed to temperaturesuitable to at least partially melt one or more layer (typical rangefrom 90 to 170° C.).

The embossing roll may be engraved using conventional techniques suchmachine tooling for most embossing patterns, but it may be desirable touse acid etching or laser engraving to provide a finer engraving, andthus a finer embossed pattern. It may be desirable that the embossedpattern comprises relatively thin embossing features, much thinner thanthe embossed channels previously disclosed in the art, such as in U.S.Pat. Pub. No. 20040015145A1 to Miura et al., which publication is hereinincorporated by reference. Thin embossing features may provide agenerally feminine and delicate look to the article. The embossing toolshould therefore capable of high definition embossing, in particularwith a resolution (minimum thickness of the embossed lines) of less thanabout 0.75 mm, in particular but not limited to between about 0.35 mmand about 0.60 mm. Embossing of this type is often in the form of aplurality of lines where the product is embossed along the entire lengthof the lines. A second type of embossing that may be used is deep stitchembossing where a series of spots are embossed along a linear pattern.This type of embossing gives a can give a stitched appearance similar tosewn garments and fabrics. An example of this type of embossing is usedin Whisper Choice napkins marketed by Proctor and Gamble Healthcare ltd,India.

Without being limited by theory, the embossing (or embossing patterns)of the absorbent articles of the present invention cooperate to producethe controlled deformation of the disclosed article. Such controlleddeformation is achieved i) without the use of tensioned elasticmaterials as described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,911,701 to Mavinkurve, thespecific disclosure of which materials is found in FIGS. 1-6 and at col.3, line 10 to col. 4, line 3 and is herein incorporated by reference; inaddition to the foregoing, the remainder of U.S. Pat. No. 4,911,701 isalso herein incorporated by reference; the flexure-resistant deformationelement described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,171,302 to Buell, the specificdisclosure of which materials is found in FIGS. 1-27 and at col. 5, line55 to col. 10, line 51 and is herein incorporated by reference; inaddition to the foregoing, the remainder of U.S. Pat. No. 5,171,302 isalso herein incorporated by reference or iii) such other non-embossingdeformation causing materials as described in U.S. Pat. No. 7,601,144 toDrevik, the specific disclosure of which materials is found at col. 2,line 61 to col. 3, line 67 and which disclosure is herein incorporatedby reference. Accordingly, in certain embodiments, the absorbentarticles of the present invention is free of non-embossing deformationcausing materials or elements which are not embossing or embossingpatterns.

Cover Layer

The cover layer may be a relatively low density, bulky, high-loftnon-woven web material. The cover layer may be composed of only one typeof fiber, such as polyester or polypropylene or it may include a mixtureof more than one fiber. The cover may be composed of bi-component orconjugate fibers having a low melting point component and a high meltingpoint component. The fibers may be selected from a variety of naturaland synthetic materials such as nylon, polyester, rayon (in combinationwith other fibers), cotton, acrylic fiber and the like and combinationsthereof. Optionally, the cover layer has a basis weight in the range ofabout 10 gsm to about 75 gsm.

Bi-component fibers may be made up of a polyester layer and apolyethylene sheath. The use of appropriate bi-component materialsresults in a fusible non-woven fabric. Examples of such fusible fabricsare described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,555,430 to Mays, which patent is hereinincorporated by reference. Using a fusible fabric increases the easewith which the cover layer may be mounted to the absorbent layer and/orto the barrier layer.

The cover layer optionally has a relatively high degree of wettability,although the individual fibers comprising the cover may not beparticularly hydrophilic. The cover material should also contain a greatnumber of relatively large pores. This is because the cover layer isintended to take-up body fluid rapidly and transport it away from thebody and the point of deposition. Therefore, the cover layer contributeslittle to the time taken for the absorbent article to absorb a givenquantity of liquid (penetration time).

Advantageously, the fibers which make up the cover layer should not losetheir physical properties when they are wetted, in other words theyshould not collapse or lose their resiliency when subjected to water orbody fluid. The cover layer may be treated to allow fluid to passthrough it readily. The cover layer also functions to transfer the fluidquickly to the underlying layers of the absorbent article. Thus, thecover layer is advantageously wettable, hydrophilic and porous. Whencomposed of synthetic hydrophobic fibers such as polyester orbi-component fibers, the cover layer may be treated with a surfactant toimpart the desired degree of wettability.

Alternatively, the cover layer can also be made of polymer film havinglarge pores. Because of such high porosity, the film accomplishes thefunction of quickly transferring body fluid to the inner layers of theunderlying absorbent layers. A suitable cover material of this type iscommercially found on the STAYFREE Dry Max Ultrathin product distributedby McNeil-PPC, Inc.

The cover layer may be attached to the underlying absorbent layersand/or the barrier layer, by adhesion and/or other suitable means knowto those of skill in the art.

Absorbent Layer

The absorbent layer may be composed of fibrous materials, such as woodpulp, polyester, rayon, flexible foam, or the like, or combinationsthereof. The absorbent layer may also optionally include asuperabsorbent polymer (SAP) material. The absorbent layer may alsocomprise thermoplastic fibers for the purpose of stabilizing the layerand maintaining its structural integrity. The absorbent layer may betreated with surfactant on one or both sides in order to increase itswettability, although generally the absorbent layer is relativelyhydrophilic and may not require treatment. The absorbent layer isoptionally bonded on both sides to the adjacent layers, i.e. the coverlayer and underlying second absorbent layer or barrier layer.

In specific embodiments of the present invention the absorbent layer maybe a “transfer” layer. The transfer layer provides means for receivingbody fluid from the fluid-pervious cover layer and holding it until asecond absorbent layer has an opportunity to absorb it. The transferlayer is, optionally, more dense than the fluid-pervious cover layer andhas a larger proportion of smaller pores than does the latter. Theseattributes allow the transfer layer to contain body fluid and hold itaway from the outer side of the fluid-pervious cover layer, therebypreventing the fluid from re-wetting the fluid-pervious cover layer andits surface. However, the transfer layer is optionally not so dense asto prevent the passage of the fluid through the transfer layer and intothe underlying second absorbent layer.

When constructed as a transfer layer, the first absorbent layer maycomprise various materials, including, for example, cellulose fiberssuch as from wood pulp, single component or bicomponent fibers thatinclude thermoplastic materials (such as polyester, polypropylene,polyethylene, among others) in fiber or other forms, rayon, organicbinders (such as copolymers of vinyl, acrylic and/or other monomers thatmay be coated onto thermoplastic fibers or otherwise incorporated intothe transfer layer) among other materials known to the art.

Second Absorbent Layer

The absorbent article of the present invention may comprise one or moreabsorbent layers. The second or any additional absorbent layers maycomprise a single layer of material or may comprise multiple layers. Incertain embodiments of the present invention the second absorbent layerfunctions as the absorbent core of the absorbent article. Optionally,such absorbent core has a high total absorbent capacity and function tohold fluid upon receiving such fluid from the transfer layer. Inaddition, the absorbent core optionally has a greater density than thatof the transfer layer.

In one embodiment, the second absorbent layer is a blend or mixture ofcellulosic fibers and superabsorbent disposed therein. Cellulosic fibersthat can be used in the second absorbent layer are well known in the artand include wood pulp, cotton, flax and peat moss. Optionally, wood pulpis used in the second absorbent layer. Pulps can be obtained frommechanical or chemi-mechanical, sulfite, kraft, pulping rejectmaterials, organic solvent pulps, etc. Both softwood and hardwoodspecies are useful. Optionally, softwood pulp is used in the secondabsorbent layer. It is not necessary to treat cellulosic fibers withchemical debonding agents, cross-linking agents and the like for use inthe present material. Some portion of the pulp may be chemically treatedas discussed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,916,670 to Tan et al., hereinincorporated by reference, to improve flexibility of the product.Flexibility of the material may also be improved by mechanically workingthe material or tenderizing the material.

The second absorbent layer can contain any superabsorbent polymer (SAP)which are well known in the art. For the purposes of the presentinvention, the term “superabsorbent polymer” (or “SAP”) refers tomaterials which are capable of absorbing and retaining at least about 10times their weight in body fluids under a 0.5 psi pressure. Thesuperabsorbent polymer particles of the invention may be inorganic ororganic crosslinked hydrophilic polymers, such as polyvinyl alcohols,polyethylene oxides, crosslinked starches, guar gum, xanthan gum, andthe like. The particles may be in the form of a powder, grains,granules, or fibers. In certain embodiments, the superabsorbent polymerparticles are crosslinked polyacrylates, such as the product offered bySumitomo Seika Chemicals Co., Ltd. Of Osaka, Japan, under thedesignation of SA70N and products offered by Stockhausen Inc. In aspecific example, the second absorbent layer is a material containingfrom 90% to about 40% percent cellulosic fiber, and about 10% to about60% SAP. The second absorbent layer may comprise a material manufacturedby using air-laying means well known in the art.

Barrier Layer

Underlying the first absorbent layer or the second absorbent layer is abarrier layer comprising liquid-impervious film material so as toprevent liquid that is entrapped in the absorbent layer from egressingthe absorbent article and staining the wearer's undergarment. Thebarrier layer is optionally made of polymeric film, although it may bemade of liquid impervious, air-permeable material such asrepellent-treated non-woven or micropore films or foams.

The barrier layer may be breathable, i.e., permits vapor to transpire.Known materials for this purpose include nonwoven materials andmicroporous films in which microporosity is created by, inter alia,stretching an oriented film. Single or multiple layers of permeablefilms, fabrics, melt-blown materials, and combinations thereof thatprovide a tortuous path, and/or whose surface characteristics provide aliquid surface repellent to the penetration of liquids may also be usedto provide a breathable backsheet.

The cover layer and the barrier layer are optionally joined along theirmarginal portions so as to form an enclosure or flange seal thatmaintains the absorbent layers and captive. The joint may be made bymeans of adhesives, heat-bonding, ultrasonic bonding, radio frequencysealing, mechanical crimping, and the like and combinations thereof

Positioning adhesive may be applied to a garment facing surface of thebarrier layer for securing the absorbent article to a garment duringuse. The positioning adhesive may be covered with removable releasepaper so that the positioning adhesive is covered by the removablerelease paper prior to use.

Absorbent articles of this invention may or may not include wings 200(or, alternatively, flaps or tabs) for securing the absorbent article toan undergarment. Wings, also called, among other things, flaps or tabs,and their use in sanitary protection articles is described in U.S. Pat.No. 4,687,478 to Van Tilburg; U.S. Pat. No. 4,589,876 also to VanTilburg, U.S. Pat. No. 4,900,320 to McCoy, and U.S. Pat. No. 4,608,047to Mattingly. The disclosures of each of these patents are hereinincorporated by reference. As disclosed in the above documents, wings200 are generally speaking flexible and configured to be folded over theedges of the underwear so that the wings 200 are disposed between theedges of the underwear.

Additionally, any of the above described layers, optionally the coverand/or barrier layers may be micro-embossed, have a printed design, havea printed message to the consumer, and/or may be at least partiallycolored.

The Deformation/Distribution Test

The Deformation and Distribution Test simulates how the absorbentarticle will deform and, at the same time, function to distribute fluidunder realistic wearing conditions. The deformed shape of the absorbentarticle influences where fluid exiting the body contacts the absorbentarticle. Once fluid contacts the absorbent article, the absorbentstructure (and any embossing contained on the body facing surfacethereof) will affect how it is distributed from contact onward. Ideally,fluid is concentrated along the longitudinal center line of theabsorbent article and as more fluid contacts the article, the fluidspreads primarily along the length of the absorbent article, maintaininga distance from the edges of the absorbent article. Absorbent articlesresulting in this type of fluid contact and distribution give theconsumer confidence that leakage will not occur.

The device 150 used in performing the Deformation/Distribution Test isdepicted in FIGS. 6 to 8 and is a modified version the device describedin U.S. Pat. No. 5,607,414 to Richards et al., which patent is hereinincorporated by reference. The support blocks 10 have curved surfaces asshown in FIG. 6 with a radius of curvature equal to 92 mm. Thelongitudinal distance (along x axis) between points 50 a and 50 b of thesupport blocks 10, shown in FIG. 6 is 77 mm. At points 50 a and 50 b,the tangent to the curved surfaces is parallel to the horizontal plane.The edge 60 of support blocks 10 has a width of 80 mm. The edge 70 ofsupport blocks 10 has a length of 105 mm. The edge 80 of support blocks10 has a height of 75 mm. The compression plates 30 have a length of 70mm measured along the compression plates 30 in the direction from point50 a to point 50 b (along x axis parallel to edge 70) and have a radiusof 224 mm measured with respect to the vertical axis z′ of FIG. 6. Thecompression plates have a width of 34 mm in the direction of thevertical axis z.

The support blocks 10 are fixedly secured on a base plate 90 having athickness of 12 mm. Points 50 a and 50 b are about 5 mm above the uppersurface of the base plate 90. The bottom surfaces of the compressionplates 30 are coplanar with the upper surface of the base plate 90. Thebase plate has a 90 mm long by 77 mm wide through cut out area 110extending between the two support blocks.

A panty 300 as described below is cut at each hip section so that it canbe laid flat as shown in FIG. 7. Strips of double stick tape 400 areplaced on the two test support blocks 10 in regions 100 (region 100 isdepicted as the region between the dashed lines on the curved surfacesof blocks 10 in FIG. 6). The adhesive type 400 is Tectape, code 633,supplied by Day Brasil. The adhesive tape regions 100 are each 65 mmwide in the direction of edge 60 and cover the entire curved surface ofthe support blocks in the direction perpendicular to edge 60. The cutgarment is then laid onto the two supports such that the crotch bridgesthe region between the support blocks 10 as shown in FIG. 7. The panty300 is placed so that there is no significant tension in the fabric butit also has no slack. The panty is also placed so that there is nowrinkling or stretching of the garment in the adhesive tape regions 100.Also, the narrowest section of the crotch section is centered betweenthe support blocks 10. In addition each support block has a clamp 120 toaid in holding down the garment.

A test article sample is prepared by removing an absorbent articleproduct from its packaging and removing any other release papers fromthe product. The article sample is placed on the support blocks 10 sothat the entire area of the article sample's central positioningadhesive sticks to the panty 300. Wings 200 of the article sample (ifany) are wrapped around and stuck to the backside of the panty (i.e.,the side of the panty facing the device). It is critical to avoiddeforming the central region 3 of the absorbent core of the articlesample while placing it on the support and wrapping and sticking thewings 200 to the backside side of the panty. Wrapping of the wings 200around the panty is performed so that the each wing is wrapped as far aspossible on the backside of the panty 300 such that the panty is notgathered or deformed. Finger pressure is applied to insure the wing 200is adhered to the backside of the panty 300.

The compression plates 30 of the device 150 are positioned at a startingdistance (or first position) of 65 mm from each other. The compressionplates 30 are compressed (or moved) together at a speed of 15 mm/secuntil they are separated from each other by 25 mm (or second position),the compression plates 30 are, then, moved apart at a speed of 15 mm/secuntil they are again separated from each other by 65 mm (firstposition). The specified distances 25 and 65 mm are based on the nearestpoints on the compression plates facing article sample 20 and panty 300once the article and panty are positioned on the device for testing. Ina specific embodiment, compression (or movement) of compression plates30 is accomplished by pneumatic cylinders; however, other compressiondriving mechanisms capable of providing the above compression and returnmovements may optionally be used such as servo motors. A control box(130) may be mounted on the apparatus for actuating test and controllingtest parameters (e.g., number of test cycles and test cycle speeds).

After three compressions, the article sample is held in the compressed(or deformed) state (i.e., not returned to its starting position) andthe deformation is visually inspected to determine formation of either a“hump”, “cup” or “bunch” configuration.

The above described procedure is repeated 10 times on separate testarticle samples. The occurrence of “hump”, “cup” or “bunch” is recordedat the end of each test procedure. The percentage of proceduresresulting in a “hump” deformation occurrence is calculated. The articlesof the present invention deform into a hump deformation in at leastabout 75%, optionally, at least about 80%, optionally, at least about85%, optionally, at least about 90%, optionally, at least about 95% ofsuch repeated procedures.

For each test article, once the test article is deformed as by the aboveprocedure, the article sample is held in the compressed (or deformed)state and the ability of the article sample to wick and distribute fluidalong the longitudinal centerline os article sample is assessed asfollows:

Synthetic menstrual fluid is prepared by the method disclosed in U.S.Pub. No. 20070219520 to Rosenfeld et al., which publication is hereinincorporated by reference. In accordance with this disclosure, testfluid was made of the following mixture to simulate bodily fluids: 49.5%of 0.9% sodium chloride solution (VWR catalog # VW 3257-7), 49.05%Glycerin (Emery 917), 1% Phenoxyethanol (Clariant CorporationPhenoxetol®) and 0.45% Sodium Chloride (Baker sodium chloride crystal#9624-05). Seven ml of test fluid (7 ml) is dropped from distance of 1mm above the product surface onto the center of the product in itsdeformed state at a rate of 1 ml/min by means of a commerciallyavailable pump 140, ref. PUMP 11 ELITE, supplied by Harvard Apparatus(Plymougth meeing, PA) using pipette 140 a with an inner lumen diameterof 1.5 mm is held vertically over the center of the product with itsexit point (i.e., tip equaling 1.5 mm diameter) to drop the referencedsynthetic menstrual fluid as described. Once the flow from the pipettehas completed, an additional 5 minutes is allowed to lapse and, then,the longest length and widest width of the stain on the product aremeasured.

The panty used for this test is constructed from woven cotton fabricwith elastic leg bands supplied by Marisa in Brazil (supplier code29771). This type fabric and construction is available in panties inmost regions. The crotch of the panty at its narrowest point has a widthof between 60 and 70 mm. Certain panties have a section with doublelayer fabric in the center. At a distance of 50 mm forward and rear ofthe narrowest point, the panty will have a width between 70 and 80 mm.

From the foregoing description, one skilled in the art can ascertain theessential characteristics of this invention, and without departing fromthe spirit and scope thereof, can make various changes andmodifications. Embodiments set forth by way of illustration or exampleare not intended as limitations on the variations possible in practicingthe present invention.

EXAMPLES Example I

Frequency of hump deformation and average stain length to stain widthratio of an absorbent article of the present invention as measured bythe Deformation/Distribution Test method described above.

Tenabsorbent article samples were prepared using a 15 gsm polypropylenespunbond nonwoven (Spunbond 15) supplied by Polystar, Brazil as thecover layer; 415 gsm cellulose fluff pulp (Grade 4881) supplied byGeorgia Pacific, USA as the absorbent layer; and 21 gsm polyethylenefilm (PE 21) supplied by Clopay, Brazil as the barrier layer. Theembossing patterns of FIG. 3 was applied to the regions of absorbentarticles as described above with an embossing thickness ranging from 2mm to 3 mm, when measured from a top surface of the absorbent article atthe embossing. The absorbent article samples were tested for humpdeformation and longitudinal fluid wicking using theDeformation/Distribution Test method described above. Intimus GelNoturno pads (Kimberly Clark, Brazil—Comparative 1) and Sempre LivreTri-Protect pads (Johnson & Johnson do Brasil, Brazil—Comparative 2)were used as comparative examples. The results are shown in Table 1below.

TABLE 1 % frequency of Average hump length over width Sample # samplestested deformation stain size ratio Example 1 20 100 2.5 Comparative 120 0 2.3 Comparative 2 20 0 2.6

As illustrated by the above description and the accompanying drawingsabsorbent articles according to the present invention provide astructure that enables such article to provide superior wickingcharacteristics and controlled deformation.

We claim:
 1. An absorbent article having a transversely extending centerline and a longitudinally extending centerline and a body facing surface, the body facing surface comprising: a central region having i) a first transverse side parallel to the transversely extending centerline and a second transverse side parallel to the transversely extending centerline and opposite the first transverse side in the direction of the longitudinally extending centerline; and ii) a first longitudinal side parallel to the longitudinally extending centerline and a second longitudinal side parallel to the longitudinally extending centerline and opposite the first longitudinal side in the direction of the transversely extending centerline, the central region comprising an embossing pattern comprising at least two longitudinally extending channels having respective ends thereof and interconnecting with each other, other than at or in addition to their respective ends, to define at least one substantially embossed region; a first longitudinal end region extending from the first transverse side of the central region directionally along the longitudinally extending centerline away from the central region, the first longitudinal end region comprising a first plurality of channels wherein at least one of the channels of the first plurality of channels extends directionally along a longitudinally extending centerline from the first transverse side across from about 50% to about 90% of the first longitudinal end region; a second longitudinal end region extending from the second transverse side of the central region directionally along the longitudinally extending centerline and away from the of the central region, the second longitudinal end region comprising a second plurality of channels wherein at least one of the channels of the second plurality of channels extends directionally along a longitudinally extending centerline from the second transverse side across from about 50% to about 90% of the second longitudinal end region, the embossing pattern of the central region located longitudinally between and interconnected with the first and second plurality of channels at the respective ends of the at least two longitudinally extending channels of the embossing pattern of the central region; a central longitudinal zone extending longitudinally across the first and second transverse end regions and the central region, the central longitudinal zone extending symmetrical about and directionally along the longitudinally extending centerline and comprising opposing longitudinally extending central longitudinal zone edges parallel to the longitudinally extending centerline defining a central longitudinal zone width W of from about 5 mm to about 20 mm, wherein the embossing pattern of the central region is located within the central longitudinal zone and does not extend beyond the central longitudinal zone width W; a first transverse end region extending from the first longitudinal side of the central region directionally along the transversely extending centerline and away from the central region, the first transverse end region comprising a least one first longitudinally extending outer channel spaced from about 5 mm to about 26 mm from the nearest central longitudinal zone edge; and a second transverse end region extending from the second longitudinal side of the central region directionally along the transversely extending centerline and away from the of the central region, the second transverse end region comprising a least one second longitudinally extending outer channel spaced from about 5 mm to about 26 mm from the nearest central longitudinal zone edge wherein the embossing pattern of the central region interconnects in fluid communication with the embossing patterns of the first and second longitudinal end regions.
 2. The article of claim 1 wherein the at least two interconnected longitudinally extending channels of the central region are interconnected at at least two nodes located on the longitudinally extending centerline.
 3. The article of claim 2 wherein the at least two interconnected longitudinally extending channels are interconnected at at least three nodes located on the longitudinally extending centerline.
 4. The article of claim 1 wherein the at least two interconnected longitudinally extending channels define at least two substantially embossed regions.
 5. The article of claim 4 wherein the at least two interconnected longitudinally extending channels define at least three substantially embossed regions.
 6. The absorbent article of claim 1, wherein the at least one channel of the first plurality of channels extends directionally along or about a longitudinally extending centerline across from about 65% to about 90% of the first longitudinal end region.
 7. The absorbent article of claim 1, wherein the at least one channel of the second plurality of channels extends directionally along or about a longitudinally extending centerline across from about 65% to about 90% of the second longitudinal end region.
 8. The absorbent article of claim 1, wherein the at least one channel of the first plurality of channels extends directionally along the longitudinally extending centerline across from about 65% to about 90% of the first longitudinal end region and the at least one channel of the second plurality of channels extends directionally along the longitudinally extending centerline across from about 65% to about 90% of the second longitudinal end region.
 9. The absorbent article of claim 1, wherein at least one channel of the first and second plurality of channels, respectively, comprises at least one first branch(es) and/or at least one second branch(es), respectively.
 10. The absorbent article of claim 9, wherein the at least one channel extending directionally along the longitudinally extending centerline of the first and second plurality of channels, respectively, comprises at least one first branch(es) and/or at least one second branch(es), respectively.
 11. The absorbent article of claim 10, wherein the at least one channel extending directionally along the longitudinally extending centerline of the first and second plurality of channels, respectively, is located within the central longitudinal zone and does not extend beyond the central longitudinal zone width W.
 12. The absorbent article of claim 10, wherein at least one first branch(es) and/or at least one second branch(es), respectively, is located within the central longitudinal zone and extends beyond the central longitudinal zone width W.
 13. The absorbent article of claim 11, wherein the first branch(es) and/or second branch(es), respectively, of the at least one channel extending directionally along the longitudinally extending centerline of the first and second plurality of channels, respectively, is located within the central longitudinal zone and extend beyond the central longitudinal zone width W.
 14. The absorbent article of claim 1, wherein the central longitudinal zone width W is from about 10 mm to about 18 mm.
 15. The absorbent article of claim 1, wherein the first longitudinally extending outer channel is spaced from about 10 mm to about 20 mm from the nearest central longitudinal zone edge.
 16. The absorbent article of claim 1, wherein the second longitudinally extending outer channel is spaced from about 10 mm to about 20 mm from the nearest central longitudinal zone edge.
 17. The absorbent article of claim 1, wherein one or each of the first and second longitudinally extending outer channels extends and connects with the other longitudinally extending outer channel to unite their respective ends (in fluid communication) such that the outer embossing pattern surrounds or substantially surrounds the central embossing pattern and the first and second plurality of channels.
 18. An absorbent article comprising: a longitudinally extending centerline; a transversely extending centerline; a first longitudinal end region; a second longitudinal end region; a central region arranged between the first and second longitudinal end regions; a body facing surface comprising: a central longitudinal zone which extends from one end of the article to the other end of the article directionally along and symmetrically about the longitudinally extending centerline, the central longitudinal zone comprising opposing longitudinally extending zone edges defining a central longitudinal zone width W of from about 5 mm to about 20 mm and wherein the central longitudinal zone width W is symmetrical about the longitudinally extending centerline; first and second end embossing patterns, each of the first and second end embossing patterns located in each of the first and second longitudinal end regions, respectively, the first and second end embossing patterns comprising, respectively and independently, a first and second plurality of branched channels wherein at least one of each of the first and second plurality of branched channels extends longitudinally within and not extending beyond the central longitudinal zone across from about 50% to about 90% of the first and second end regions, respectively; a central embossing pattern within the central longitudinal zone and not extending beyond to the central longitudinal zone width W, the central embossing pattern located in the central region and comprising at least two longitudinally extending channels having respective ends thereof extending in the direction of the longitudinally extending centerline to interconnect, at their respective ends, with the first and second plurality of branched channels, the longitudinally extending channels further interconnecting with each other, other than at their ends, to define at least one substantially embossed region; and an outer embossing pattern comprising at least two longitudinally extending outer channels, the longitudinally extending outer channels positioned opposite one another and at least partially separated by the central longitudinal zone, wherein each longitudinally extending outer channel is spaced from about 5 mm to about 26 mm from the nearest zone central longitudinal zone edge; wherein the central embossing pattern interconnects in fluid communication with the first and second end embossing patterns of the first and second longitudinal end regions to facilitate fluid flow longitudinally across the article; and wherein the central embossing pattern, the first and second end embossing patterns and outer embossing pattern cooperate to facilitate deformation of the article into a hump deformation upon application of the article to a user's crotch region where the body facing surface is aligned to contact a user's body. 